THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH: A SHORT HISTORY
The Presbyterian church is a branch of the “
Protestant Reformed Faith” that grew out of the Martin Luther’s instigation of reforms in the Roman Catholic Church.
Its name is derived from the form of government established by
John Calvin in Geneva during the mid 1500’s and carried to
Scotland by John Knox where it became the state religion.
The basis for the organization is
“Elders” (Presbyters in Greek) elected by the local congregation from it’s lay members to manage church affairs in conjunction with the clergy as a
“session.” Each member of a session has equal vote at the local level and parity with the clergy at the higher “Courts” outlined below.
Like other mainline Protestant churches such as the Lutheran, congregation and Disciples of Christ, Presbyterians insist on a
trained clergy and this limited their growth during the great religious revivals along the frontier during the 1800’s.
Presbyterians conduct themselves
decently and in order. Three “courts” above the local congregation level are used to maintain discipline and manage national affairs. These are:

1.
Presbyteries that are
regional groups of local churches. There are 176 Presbyteries in the Presbyterian Church U.S.A. with 11,363 churches. The Presbytery of The James, to which the Gayton Kirk belongs, has 114 churches in central Virginia with administrative headquarters in Richmond.
2.
Synods which are
16 regional groups of Presbyteries. The Presbytery of The James is in the Mid-Atlantic Synod which is headquartered in Richmond.
3. The General Assembly which is national in scope and meets bi-annually to consider current questions and give direction to the churches.
The General Assembly staff is located in Louisville, Kentucky. The General Assembly is the final arbitrator for all questions. The
Christian Bible is the basis for all Presbyterian beliefs and practices and is the reference for deciding all questions related to belief and practice by its members.
At different times the Christian church has used ‘
confessions’ to interpret and apply scripture to their time and/or specific questions.
Presbyterians use 11 of these beginning with the
Nicene Creed of the early church to the 1967 statement by the United Presbyterian Church addressing the turbulent 1960’s which was the first written confession of the Presbyterian church in the U.S. for 300 years.
A
“brief statement of faith” was adopted in 1983 at the time of reunion of the Northern (United Presbyterian church ) and Southern (Presbyterian church in the United States) and became part of our confessions.
The
Westminster Confession of 1640 generated at the time England became protestant for the Church of England at the direction of Parliament is also a major Presbyterian guide.
In addition to the Bible and approved confessions for faith and life, Presbyterians have a
‘Book of Order’ to regulate their temporal church affairs.
The book of order is
amended regularly by the General Assembly to reflect current church governance requirements. The book of order and the confessions comprise the constitution of Presbyterian church U.S.A.
Regardless of the written documents governing Presbyterians they exhibit the same range of beliefs and practices that members of other religious bodies do.
While these grouped into conservative, moderate and liberal by the media and academia the Gayton Kirk’s love based ministry
accepts and supports all persons just as Christ did. All seekers of a better life in Christ are welcome!